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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Evolutionary linguistics ： ウィキペディア英語版 Evolutionary linguistics Evolutionary linguistics is the scientific study of the psychosocial development and cultural evolution of individual languages as well as the origins and development of human language itself. The main challenge in this research is the lack of empirical data: spoken language leaves practically no traces. This led to an abandonment of the field for more than a century. Since the late 1980s, the field has been revived in the wake of progress made in the related fields of psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, evolutionary anthropology, evolutionary psychology, universal grammar,and cognitive science. ==History== Inspired by the natural sciences, especially by biology, August Schleicher (1821–1868) became the first to compare changing languages to evolving species.〔Taub, Liba. ''Evolutionary Ideas and "Empirical" Methods: The Analogy Between Language and Species in the Works of Lyell and Schleicher.'' British Journal for the History of Science 26, pages 171–193 (1993)〕 He introduced the representation of language families as an evolutionary tree (''Stammbaumtheorie'') in articles published in 1853. ''Stammbaumtheorie'' proved very productive for comparative linguistics, but did not solve the major problem of studying the origin of language: the lack of fossil records. Some scholars abandoned the question of the origin of language as unsolvable. Famously, the ''Société Linguistique de Paris'' in 1866 refused to admit any further papers on the subject. Joseph Jastrow published a gestural theory of the evolution of language in the seventh volume of ''Science'', 1886. The field re-appeared in 1988 in the ''Linguistic Bibliography'' as a subfield of psycholinguistics. In 1990, Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom published their paper "Natural Language and Natural Selection" which strongly argued for an adaptationist approach to language origins. Development strengthened further with the establishment (in 1996) of a series of conferences on the Evolution of Language (subsequently known as "Evolang"), promoting a scientific, multi-disciplinary approach to the issue, and interest from major academic publishers (e.g., the ''Studies in the Evolution of Language'' series has appeared with Oxford University Press since 2001) and from scientific journals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Evolutionary linguistics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.